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Integrated Reconnaisance
and Jamming Station
"INTERJAM"
Cooperation partners
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 Zrínyi Miklós Nemzetvédelmi Egyetem |
 Információs Műveletek és Elektronikai Hadviselés Tanszék |
The project is supported by
Summary
Telecommunications, personal communication, radar technology, data acquisition,
navigation and other electronic equipments, systems have gone under huge
quantitative and qualitative development. In almost all these fields, digital
transmission and signal processing technologies have become prevalent. The
surveillance, jamming and electronic measuring-monitoring systems developed in
the last decades of the 20th c. have become obsolete both morally and
technologically despite the use of computer control. These have gone totally
useless due to the headway of the digital transmission technology.
Analog equipments used in the army and other special services were withdrawn,
but their replacement have not been applied yet, due to financial and
technological reasons. It can be stated that nowadays the Hungarian Army does
not possess electronic (radio, radio technologic) surveillance and jamming
systems which meet modern tactical and technical requirements. The national
securities have got some self-developed, rather heterogenic systems that were
worked out to solve special tasks. With these they can operate the services and
tackle the basic functions.
Objectives
By nowadays modern transmission system elements, digital
signal processing circuits (DSP), and the computer-controlled equipments can
guarantee technological base, that can give way to the development of
software-controlled complex measurement,- monitoring,-signal analyzing,-
location determining,- and jamming systems.
There are some other, similar foreign system elements, but complex, completely
built up systems do not exist, or can be purchased at extremely high cost and
with serious limitations. These systems have always belonged to the very
sensitive field of reconnaissance and electronic warfare, and it is still true
even these days. All countries try to keep their modern systems and equipments
private from the public, even from their coalition partners.
The possible purchase of some foreign systems means a great number of
compromise, and can generate some serious acquisition, setting, maintenance and
support problems. Equipments that are available from foreign armies have become
outdated, still rather expensive.
Since the basic technological appliances can be found in Hungary, too, and the
principal, manufacturing, professional application background is also given to
develop a complex system, we believe that the prototype development can be
worked out with some Hungarian financial support and intellectual capital.
This recommended integrated system is built upon the technology called "Software
Defined Radio - SDR", which means it is the operating program that determines,
how the different parts should function in a given mode. The radio-frequency
signal synthesis, analysis, the different modulation and demodulation modes are
realized in the operating software, not in the circuits, so it is always opened
and possible anytime to develop new modulation mode, measurement algorithm or
jamming philosophy.
This SDR technology can result in such unthinkable flexibility and capability to
update, so that it is possible to work out a new version with the change of the
software, retaining the stability of the equipment hardware platform. It can
bring about significant economic efficiency, while the moral amortization is
slowed down.
The urgent development of the system is required and indispensable, since the
electronic combat units of the Hungarian Army are facing planned technical
improvement. These units need the new equipments badly because they take part in
NATO Force Protection and the set up of the ISTAR (Intelligence, Surveillance,
Target Acquisition and Reconnaissance) ability pack.
The experience of past and present military technical purchases have clearly
shown that it is very costly to prepare the effective force abroad, to cover the
expenses of traveling, organizing courses, and training on the military bases in
other countries. Also we should not forget about the cost of possible technical
problems, the shipping, the accommodation, and moreover the difficulty of
keeping the very strict and impenetrable secret defense rules between the
countries.
Home-made development, involving professional home team, and the troop training
on inland bases can drastically cut down the additional expenses, the cost of
the whole system set up, not to mention the warranty and logistics tasks to be
solved after the guarantee period. Applying inland labor strengthens the
Hungarian workplace, generates taxes. It is our country's interest to keep the
world-famous Hungarian intellectual at home, also to retain its competence.
There are some more reasons to support the inland development. For example if
the system under standardized production is sold not only to one organization,
but due to its merits and excellence it is used by more military and national
security services, the specific cost of the development can be further reduced,
and the logistic and maintenance background can be set up more economically.
More optimized system versions can be worked out under more platforms, e.g..
land rovers, armored cruises, helicopters, transporter airplanes can get built
-in systems with proper antenna construction and adequate accumulator
conditions. The advantage of it is that the same system buildup can be used
irrespectively of the different platforms, remote control, cooperative,
centralized guiding contacts can be made with applying the same data formats and
communicative connections.
So-called "light" and "heavy" versions can be developed by scaling the jamming
units. These versions can be deployed in military applications after modifying
the antennas and the proper energy supply, still the basic equipments are
unified. The SDR technology can also give way to "multi-functional"
applications, such as radio-reconnaissance - jamming, radar-reconnaissance -
jamming, GSM reconnaissance - jamming, GPS jamming or radio communication by
using the same station, or the quick switching among the different modes is done
by running another software.
It is incredibly beneficial both logistically and economically, that with this
single integrated system, different tasks can be solved, while earlier more that
ten types of stations were used and operated.
This meant that further development was practically impossible.
In this project proposal our development concept can offer a realistic and
economic solution to the very complex professional and logistic task unfold
above. Considering advanced technology, this developed system could be one of
the most up-to-date equipments in the world.
Project summary
The project realization was started by a consortium which had already worked together on a previous project. The long and fruitful working relatioship between the members made it smooth and effective to prepare the project and the tender.
After drafting the goals of the project, we started to divide the tasks to be completed, and then divided them into „work packages”. Team leaders were nominated for each „work package” who were responsible for the particular tasks and also the team members were selected. Proceeding was discussed at professional meetings according to the preset workplan.
The technical results, which were demonstrated in the previous sections were born according to the planned workplan. We have succeeded to reach the desired results in every work package, and the professional research and development work has been completed.
Naturally not everything was so simple. One of the most characteristic example is the performance realisation of the high power transmitter. We wanted to do it with a coaxial structured, stripline, coupled hybrid designed by a 3D electromagnetic simulation. The simulation showed good electrical results, but due to the lack of such simulation programes, we could do the dissipating counting (resulting from loss) with approximation.
Unfortumately after building the prototype we were surprised to find that we had overloaded the summer. This resulted in the burning of the teflon based high frequency subtstrate material and the copper foil got carbonised, as shown in the picture below.
Thanked to the built-in controlling mechanism, the error of the prototype turned out quite soon, and steps were made for correction. In this particular case it meant the purchase of a higher heat conducting , non-teflon but ceramic material, the change of the circuit lay-out, wider strips and thicker substrate. This naturally took a lot more time and design capacity, but due to the changes and modifications the new circuit could operate under the expected loading.
Power summer (2.3)
Power switch and selector (3.1)
Power filter (2.4)
High-speed DF algorithm (4.2)
Power amplifier modul (2.2)
Station remote control on IP network (5.3)
The ambition technical content of the projects fully realized. The results of the individual workpackages were used to integrate an integrated intercept and jamming station and it was introduced and demonstarted some technical forujms.
For further info or in case you are interested in any part of the results please contact: info@sagax.hu
Representative pictures of the results
Jamming of frequency agile signals
Measuring jamming effectiveness
DF antenna arm mechanical design
Wide-band DF receiver with bearing spectrum
Narrow-band DF receiver with bearing displays
Response of high-power TX/RX switch
Lay-out of high-power TX/RX switch
Integrated high-power TX/RX switch
3D electromagnetic simulation of a power summer
3D simulation model of a low-pass filter
Measured high-power low-pass filter response
VHF power amplifier module
VHF power amplifier on test bench
Power amplifier module
System integration diagram
ESM control software
ECM control software
Integrated ESM work post
Integrated ECM work post
System introduction
Field trials and demos
International co-operation
© 2012 Sagax, Ltd.
Sagax, Ltd. Raday u. 33/B. Budapest, 1092 Hungary, TEL: +36-1-219-5455, FAX: +36-1-219-5456